Bozal mezcal

Bozal mezcal

Bozal Castilla Mezcal. Mezcal Tequila; 47% ABV (94 Proof) 1197B; Castilla is a close cousin to the Espadín agave. Flavors of roasted agave, mocha, fresh mint, and pepper, finishing smooth with subtle hints of smoke. Driven by intense citrus and strong minerality, the Cuishe has a dry entry. As is experienced in the rich tropical fruit on the palate that moves to sweet potato on the front. Green vegetal notes in the mouth and a dry smoky finish then follow. A complex flavor profile that proves quite enjoyable. AGAVE CUISHE One of the most physically distinct species of agave, the Cuishe, a subspecies of ... Castilla. Part of the American Oaxacensis agave family, the Castilla is a close cousin to the Espadín agave. Smaller in size than an Espadín and often discovered more in the wild, this agave is heavily influenced by its terroir. Sourced from deep in the heart of the Oaxaca valley close to a river, the agave added fruit forward notes.Mezcal Bozal Cenizo is an artesanally produced Mezcal which utilizes the endemic and wild grown Maguey Cenizo from Durango, Mexico. The cool and dry conditions of Durango and Agave harvested along hillsides as high up as 8,500ft contribute to a powerful and lengthy Mezcal. Taking up to 14 years to reach full maturity, this Maguey Cenizo opens ...Bozal Mezcal Borrego Sacrifico 750 ml. $104.99. 2 bottles in stock. Add to cart $104.99. Limited Release. On the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Durango varieties of agave, indigenous to the region, grow wild and are heavily sought after by the local mezcaleros. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense ...Bozal Cenizo Mezcal. Mexico. Rating. 95. Price. $80. Brand. Bozal. Category. Mezcal. Alcohol. 47% Bottle Size. 750 ml. Issue Date. 5/1/2023. Print Shelf Talker. Buy Now. …Bozal Mezcal According to Swanson, Bozal Sacatoro is her newest obsession. "It just has a lot of character," she said. "Sacatoro is a very close relative to Espadin, so its flavors are familiar ... Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. You must be of legal age (19+) in accordance with the law of British Columbia to access this website and/or to purchase liquor. Enter Exit. By entering this ...Bozal Mezcal is nationally available for purchase via the 3 Badge wholesale tier, and consumers can visit bozalmezcal.com to discover Bozal vendors in their area. About 3 Badge Beverage Corporation. Established in 2015, 3 Badge Beverage Corporation is a négociant representing an innovative portfolio of terroir-driven wines and craft spirits ...Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ...30 Jun 2021 ... Bozal Mezcal is a very popular brand of mezcal that is catching fire throughout the agave industry! Bozal Mezcal has many different ...Bozal Cuishe Single Maguey Mezcal 94 Proof. Bozal. Sale price $74 97 $74.97 Regular price $84 99 $84.99 Save 12% Recently viewed. ABOUT THE SHOP. At Wooden Cork, we have over 40 years of experience in selecting and supplying the world's most coveted liquors. Whether it's to celebrate a special occasion, give a sentimental gift or simply indulge ...Sep 13, 2020 · Bozal Mezcal According to Swanson, Bozal Sacatoro is her newest obsession. "It just has a lot of character," she said. "Sacatoro is a very close relative to Espadin, so its flavors are familiar ... Bozal ensamble is quite nice, especially at its price point. It's pretty light and not very smokey, compared to some mezcals but quite good. ... When you drink mezcal, you can start with a sniff or two of the special stuff and fall back to the "entry-level" so that your expensive and especially delicious bottles last longer2 OZ. BOZAL ENSAMBLE. 1 OZ. FRESH LIME JUICE. .5 OZ. AGAVE NECTAR. Build Bozal Enamble Mezcal, fresh lime juice, agave nectar and ice in shaker tin. Shake for 7-8 seconds and strain into a double rocks glass over ice. Garnish with a black salt rim and a dehydrated citrus wheel.Click & Collect (Mon-Fri 10am - 5pm) A herbaceous, fruity mezcal from Bozal that is made exclusively with Tepeztate agave that is roasted in earthen pit ovens and crushed using a traditional horse-drawn Tahona wheel. The palate offers notes of aromatic herbs, wet stones, grapefruit zest, orange, pine, honeysuckle, white pepper and clean ...Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ... Cuishe. One of the most physically distinct species of agave, the Cuishe, a subspecies of the Karwinskii Family of agave, grows vertically as a single stalk with its leaves spreading at the top. Due to its unusual structure, and the stalk containing the firmer piña material, the Cuishe can be difficult to harvest and to work with in general. Gu. ías de Calabaza. The Espadín agave, known as the genetic Mother of the Blue Weber Agave, is used to produce tequila, and is also the predominant agave used in mezcal production. Unique in itself, the characteristics of this agave showcase the aromas of wet earth, a rich smokiness on the mid-palate, and a finish reminiscent of wild flowers. Joe Biden is the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee. Why is that? Former vice president Joe Biden is the “presumptive” Democratic nominee for president. This presumption i...Review #1466 | Mezcal Review #79 - Bozal Espadin Barril Mexicano Ensamble. The Schtick: This is an ensamble of three different agaves distilled for Bozal. This bottling is fairly ubiquitous, and can be found here in the Midwest, which really gives you an idea of the state of things here since we see little to no mezcal selection.Sadly, the airline's suspended gift registry has now been officially removed. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. View the current offers here. Several top... A small agave varietal, the Tobalá, a subspecies of the Potatorum Family of agave, has broad, spade-like leaves. The compact size of this agave yeilds limited quantities of mezcal and takes 12-15 years to reach full maturation. Known to many as the king agave, Tobalá can only grow from seed and is becoming increasingly rare. This agave offers ... May 30, 2023 · Bozal Mezcal is celebrated for capturing the untamed essence of mezcal, highlighting the exceptional varieties of agave used. Owned by the 3 Badge Beverage Corporation, Bozal collaborates with skilled independent distillers across Mexico to craft some of the finest mezcals available, emphasizing the raw and natural flavors of the agave plant. Madrecuishe. Madrecuishe is part of the Karwinskii family of agaves. It thrives in dry climates and typically grows in a tall, cylindrical shape. Due to the agave’s dense core and low water content, mezcal made from Madrecuishe typically has high minerality with vegetal and floral notes. Bozal Tobasiche Mezcal | Master of Malt. On orders over £99. Price Match Guarantee. The lowest prices on your favourite spirits! Help & Advice. Get a response within seconds. Highly trusted. Over 30,000 five star reviews! Free delivery!Bozal Borrego Mezcal. Mezcal Tequila. 47% ABV (94 Proof) 1196B. Made with the Espadín and Tobalá agaves. During the second distillation, a leg of lamb as well as seasonal wild fruits and grains are suspended inside the …The travel search engine Kayak is opening a hotel in Miami. Kayak, one of the biggest travel search engines around, is opening a hotel in Miami Beach, Florida, next month. Accordin...Shop for the best selection of Bozal Mezcal Spirits at Total Wine & More. Order online, pick up in store, enjoy local delivery or ship items directly to ...Standard delivery 1-2 weeks. More shipping info. Go to shop. $ 128.99. $ 171.99 / 1000ml. ex. sales tax. Bottle (750ml) Bozal Reserva Chino Verde Mezcal Ancestral 750ml Bottle.í. Agave Jabalí, or Convallis, is rare and extremely difficult to work with. During fermentation and distillation, this agave foams and expands, with a possibility of the liquid to explode out of the seams of the still. This agave is distinctly wild and considered to produce the most exotic of all mezcals.Bozal Pechuga Sacrificio Mezcal from Guerrero, Mexico - The Pechuga expresses a delicate balance in which the smokiness is softened noticeably by the protein and wild fruit. A rich mouthfeel offers flavors of roasted...Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ...Get ratings and reviews for the top 6 home warranty companies in Elmwood Park, IL. Helping you find the best home warranty companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Ho...Bozal Ensamble 70cl. Mexican Mezcal • 70cl • 47%. Product details. £66.95. Sold out. Notify when in stock. Get a FREE Gift with every order! Drams, full bottles and more, courtesy of #WhiskySanta.Bozal Ensamble is a balanced and approachable mezcal made with three types of agave: Espadín, Barril and Mexicano. It's a great introduction to mezcal for newbies and a …Written by Alex. Espadín Mezcal is an agave spirit made from the agave angustifolia, commonly known as the Espadín agave plant. This variety of agave is the most commonly used in mezcal production, akin to how blue agave dominates the world of tequila. In fact, approximately 90% of all mezcal produced in Mexico is made using this particular ... A small agave varietal, the Tobalá, a subspecies of the Potatorum Family of agave, has broad, spade-like leaves. The compact size of this agave yeilds limited quantities of mezcal and takes 12-15 years to reach full maturation. Known to many as the king agave, Tobalá can only grow from seed and is becoming increasingly rare. This agave offers ... About this mezcal. Bozal Borrego is a limited release. This mezcal is made with wild maguey Castilla, which is a close relative to maguey Espadin. Similar to a Pechuga, during the second distillation, a leg of lamb, in addition to seasonal wild fruits and grains harvested from the local market, are suspended inside the bottom of the still in a ... Bozal Cuishe 70cl. Mexican Mezcal • 70cl • 47%. Product details. Discontinued.Bailing out banks with taxpayers' money can only be first-aid, not a long-term solution. If there is one thing that the $1.77 billion (over Rs11,000 crore) fraud at Punjab National...Bozal Mezcal is available from 3 Badge Mixology, the spirits division of 3 Badge Beverage Corporation. The company is located at 32 Patten Street, Sonoma, CA 95476. The telephone number is (707 ...Shop Bozal · Bozal "Espadín-Barril-Ensamble" Mezcal. 4.6 (39) · Bozal Cuishe Mezcal. 4.9 (7) · Bozal Tobasiche Mezcal. 3.7 (3) · Bozal Tobalá ...Apr 5, 2023 · Bozal Mezcal, with its roots in the rugged terrains of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Durango, offers a sip of wild authenticity. The brand's name, "Bozal", captures its essence, meaning "wild" or "untamed", a nod to the wild agaves they meticulously source from these regions' untouched landscapes. These agaves, taking anywhere from 7 to 19 years to mature, are hand-harvested and processed using age ... Bozal Mezcal Advent Calendar. Bozal. $1,249 99 $1,249.99. More from Bozal. Sold Out Bozal Mezcal Advent Calendar. Bozal. $1,249 99 $1,249.99. Recently viewed. ABOUT THE SHOP. At Wooden Cork, we have over 40 years of experience in selecting and supplying the world's most coveted liquors. Whether it's to celebrate a special occasion, give a ... About this mezcal. Bozal Tobasiche is made with wild maguey Tobasiche, which is a member of agave Karwinskii family, and generally takes 12-13 years to fully mature. This agave is typically characterized for its herbaceous and cedar-like notes. This mezcal has high minerality and sweet notes of anise and botanicals. On the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Durango varieties of agave, indigenous to the region, grow wild and are heavily sought after by ...Bozal Jamon Iberico Mezcal 750ml. $87 95 $87.95. More from Bozal. Bozal Jamon Iberico Mezcal 750ml. $87 95 $87.95. More from All. Quick shop Add to cart. Tequila Clase Azul Reposado 750ml. 4.1 . Rated 4.1 out of 5 stars. 4.1 …Bright and fresh, this single maguey mezcal offers fruit-forward aromas of melon and apricot. A delicate balance of citrus and earthy flavors coat the palate followed by smoky undertones. The finish is clean with intense tropical fruits. AGAVE TOBALÁ A small agave varietal, the Tobalá, a subspecies of the Potatorum Family of agave, has broad, spade-like leaves. The compact size …Mezcal (/ m ɛ ˈ s k æ l /, Latin American Spanish: ⓘ), sometimes spelled mescal, is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from any type of agave.The word mezcal comes from Nahuatl mexcalli [meʃˈkalːi], which means "oven-cooked agave", from metl and ixcalli [iʃˈkalːi]. Traditionally the word "mezcal" has been used generally in Mexico for all agave …Moxion has a deal with Sunbelt Rentals to provide battery generators for construction sites, film locations, concert venues and more. Paul Huelskamp and Alex Meek were hiking near .... Bozal Mezcal (2) Country. Mexico (2) Category. Mezcal (2) Size. Standard Size 750 ml (2) Bozal Mezcal Ensamble 750ml. 4.6 out of 5 stars. 18 reviews. $47.99 + CRV . Pick Up Limited quantity. Delivery Available. Add to Cart. More Like This. Bozal Mezcal Cuixe 750ml Be the first to review. $63.99 + CRV .Frantjesko Laonora, lead bartender at Curaçao Marriott Beach Resort in Curaçao. I’ll go with the Ilegal Mezcal Anejo. It’s adored for its smoky, roasted agave and earthy flavor notes ... sacatoro. A subspecies of the Angustifolia family, the Sacatoro agave takes about eight to twelve years to mature and is harvested from the hillsides of Guerrero. Unique in itself, the characteristics of this agave showcase the aromas of wet earth, a rich smokiness on the mid-palate, and a finish reminiscent of wild flowers. A link from Reuters A link from Reuters The world’s largest soda company delivered the first shipment of its iconic brew to Myanmar in six decades after the US and EU relaxed sanct...Written by Alex. Espadín Mezcal is an agave spirit made from the agave angustifolia, commonly known as the Espadín agave plant. This variety of agave is the most commonly used in mezcal production, akin to how blue agave dominates the world of tequila. In fact, approximately 90% of all mezcal produced in Mexico is made using this particular ...Bozal Castilla Mezcal. Mezcal Tequila; 47% ABV (94 Proof) 1197B; Castilla is a close cousin to the Espadín agave. Flavors of roasted agave, mocha, fresh mint, and pepper, finishing smooth with subtle hints of smoke.This site uses cookies and by entering you acknowledge that you have read our Privacy Policy and Cookie Notice.Privacy Policy and Cookie Notice.A little dip in tequila brings mega flavor to these boneless, skinless chicken breasts. If you have mezcal on hand, consider substituting it for the tequila for a similar yet smoki...Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ...Content has more uses than you think. Learn how marketing content can solve some of customer service's biggest challenges when speaking to clients. Trusted by business builders wor... Cenizo. Of the Durangensis family of agaves, this wild agave is typically harvested from the hillsides of Durango. Cenizo thrives in high altitudes up to 8,500ft with cool and dry conditions. Do you know the difference between a cold and the flu (influenza)? Or looking for information on the "stomach flu?" Discover symptoms and treatment. The flu, also called influenza,...The photos and videos began flooding in Feb. 27. In a region of Oaxaca famous for its flavorful mezcal, a wildfire was raging dangerously close to the town of …May 30, 2023 · Bozal Mezcal is celebrated for capturing the untamed essence of mezcal, highlighting the exceptional varieties of agave used. Owned by the 3 Badge Beverage Corporation, Bozal collaborates with skilled independent distillers across Mexico to craft some of the finest mezcals available, emphasizing the raw and natural flavors of the agave plant. A small agave varietal, the Tobalá, a subspecies of the Potatorum Family of agave, has broad, spade-like leaves. The compact size of this agave yeilds limited quantities of mezcal and takes 12-15 years to reach full maturation. Known to many as the king agave, Tobalá can only grow from seed and is becoming increasingly rare. This agave offers ... Payment data would be an even richer source of information for the likes of Google and Facebook to sell to advertisers. The president of BlackRock, the world’s biggest asset manage...Bozal offers a range of mezcales made with three different types of agave: Espadín, Mexicano and Barril. Each agave has its own unique characteristics, aromas and flavors that are apparent in the mezcales. …Chino Verde. Chino Verde is a wild, extremely rare agave foraged from the Sierra Madre del Sur mountains. This agave can grow quite large and is usually harvested between seven and nine years of age. The concentration of sugar in the fully mature agave produces an extremely powerful mezcal.Bozal Mezcal Espadín-Barril-Mexicano Ensamble Read Full Review. 89 Points. Bozal Mezcal Ancestral Read Full Review. 87 Points. Bozal Cuixe Mezcal Read Full Review. Top Rated Mezcal. View All. 88 Points. Mezcal Sacrificio Anejo Read Full Review. 90 Points. El Padrino de mi Tierra Espadín Read Full Review.Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ...August Sebastiani, founder and president of 3 Badge, which produces Bozal Mezcal, likens the interplay between agave and terroir to the ways in which grape variety …A Pechuga mezcal from Bozal that is made exclusively with wild Cupreata agave harvested from the slopes of the Rio Balsas basin. Before the third distillation organic chicken is marinated with a combination of locally-sourced fruits, chilli, citrus, raisins, cinnamon and clove, that are then added to the still for the final distillation.Some take up to 35 years to grow. Each have unique flavors and aromas that make mezcal truly a complex and exceptional spirit. Below are the three lines that we ...Bozal Ensamble Mezcal,Exotically intense flavors with rich earth tones and savory smokiness. Bozal Ensamble Mezcal 94 Proof. Bozal. Price $64 99. Quantity. Shipping calculated at checkout. Add to cart. Pay in 4 interest-free installments of $16.24 with. Learn more. Expertly Packaged. August Sebastiani, founder and president of 3 Badge, which produces Bozal Mezcal, likens the interplay between agave and terroir to the ways in which grape variety … Bozal Mezcal Tobasiche Read Full Review. 90 Points. Bozal Mezcal Espadín-Barril-Mexicano Ensamble Read Full Review. 89 Points. Bozal Mezcal Ancestral Read Full ... The Lost Explorer. Aleksander Simic, bartender at Hutong in Miami. ABV: 42%. Average Price: $200. The Mezcal: The Lost Explorer Salmiana Mezcal is a superb choice for fall sipping due to its ...Bozal Jamon Iberico Mezcal 750ml. $87 95 $87.95. More from Bozal. Bozal Jamon Iberico Mezcal 750ml. $87 95 $87.95. More from All. Quick shop Add to cart. Tequila Clase Azul Reposado 750ml. 4.1 . Rated 4.1 out of 5 stars. 4.1 …Cempasúchil. In the final distillation, Cempasúchil, a native Mexican flower often known as marigolds, as well as mandarin peels are dropped into the bottom of the still to impart floral aromatics with a hint of citrus. The Espadín agave, known as the genetic Mother of the Blue Weber Agave, is used to produce tequila, and is also the ... Gu. ías de Calabaza. The Espadín agave, known as the genetic Mother of the Blue Weber Agave, is used to produce tequila, and is also the predominant agave used in mezcal production. Unique in itself, the characteristics of this agave showcase the aromas of wet earth, a rich smokiness on the mid-palate, and a finish reminiscent of wild flowers. bozal believe that something wild produces a far richer spirit. WILDLY REFINED ... has broad, spade-like leaves. The compact size of this agave yields limited quantities of mezcal and takes 12-15 years to reach full maturation. Known to many as the king agave, Tobalá can only grow from seed and is becoming increasingly rare. This agaveMade with the trio of Espadin, Barril and Mexicano Agaves, this Mezcal from Bozal is light and very easy drinking. Subtle smoke burst onto the palate along ...Select Page. Contact. Get In Touch. First Name. Last Name. Zip Code. Email Address. Message - If registering Advent Calendar, please note where the calendar was purchased. SEND.Payment data would be an even richer source of information for the likes of Google and Facebook to sell to advertisers. The president of BlackRock, the world’s biggest asset manage...Memphis is full of Southern hospitality. and those seeking to explore the city will be able to select from a wide range of boutique hotels. We may be compensated when you click on ...Buy Bozal Jabali Reserva Mezcal in Australia. It is also known to produce some of the most exoctic mezcals. Bright green vegetal flavours of celery and parsley grace the palate with a lingering finish of black pepper. Best mezcal in Australia. Un-beatable customer service.The Lost Explorer. Aleksander Simic, bartender at Hutong in Miami. ABV: 42%. Average Price: $200. The Mezcal: The Lost Explorer Salmiana Mezcal is a superb choice for fall sipping due to its ...Watch this video to find out about Glidden DUO, which combines paint and primer together in one can to make interior painting faster and easier. Expert Advice On Improving Your Hom...The exquisite decanter is a handcrafted work that pays homage to the Mexican women's traditional knowledge, delicate temperament, and warrior spirit. These are the characteristics that have earned her the title of being the cultural heart of Guerrero. 3. Bozal Mezcal Ensamble Maguey Espadín, Barril, and Mexicano are used to make Bozal Ensamble.Bozal Mezcal Cenizo Single Maguey ... * Actual product may differ from image. ... Description: This Cenizo opens with bright aromas of orange peel and floral notes.The labels are printed on naturally flecked paper with an embossed logo, production specifications, perforated holes and the batch number stamp. Bozal Mezcal is available from 3 Badge Mixology, the spirits division of 3 Badge Beverage Corporation. The company is located at 32 Patten Street, Sonoma, CA 95476. The telephone number is (707) …Shop Bozal Pechuga Sacraficio Mezcal for a mezcal that is made from cupreata and is also a pechuga—a mezcal redistilled with fruits, spices, grains and a chicken breast. In Bozal Safraficio’s third distillation, an organic chicken marinates with locally sourced fruits, chiles, citrus fruits, raisins, cinnamon and clove for a mezcal that’s richly complex and utterly authentic. sacatoro. A subspecies of the Angustifolia family, the Sacatoro agave takes about eight to twelve years to mature and is harvested from the hillsides of Guerrero. Unique in itself, the characteristics of this agave showcase the aromas of wet earth, a rich smokiness on the mid-palate, and a finish reminiscent of wild flowers. Bozal Mezcal. Mezcal Bozal is a craft, artisan, handmade Mezcal. They celebrate the wild side of the Mezcal world and the wild agave used to produce such rich spirits. They use agave from the steep precarious hillsides of Oaxaca and Guerrero that are indigenous to the region. These varietals produce flavors that are exotically intense, with ...Frantjesko Laonora, lead bartender at Curaçao Marriott Beach Resort in Curaçao. I’ll go with the Ilegal Mezcal Anejo. It’s adored for its smoky, roasted agave and earthy flavor notes ...May 30, 2023 · Bozal Mezcal is celebrated for capturing the untamed essence of mezcal, highlighting the exceptional varieties of agave used. Owned by the 3 Badge Beverage Corporation, Bozal collaborates with skilled independent distillers across Mexico to craft some of the finest mezcals available, emphasizing the raw and natural flavors of the agave plant. Standard delivery 1-2 weeks. More shipping info. Go to shop. $ 128.99. $ 171.99 / 1000ml. ex. sales tax. Bottle (750ml) Bozal Reserva Chino Verde Mezcal Ancestral 750ml Bottle. This thick-foliaged, wild agave, takes nine to twelve years to mature. Often used as fencing to divide land in Oaxaca, intensifies the complexity of this mezcal. As citrus and floral notes arise, hints of green peppers compliment the nose. The palate is a delightful balance of citrus and creamy banana. Barril is a subspecies of the Karwinskii ... ---1